Variables: Storing and Managing Data

Variables are used to store information that a program can manipulate. They act as labeled containers for different types of data.

Purpose: Hold values that can change or be referenced later.
Common Types:
- Integers (int) – Whole numbers (e.g., 5, -10)
- Floating-point (float) – Decimal numbers (e.g., 3.14, -2.5)
- Strings (str) – Text data (e.g., "Hello, World!")
- Booleans (bool) – True or False, often used for decision-makingData Structures: Organizing Information

Data structures allow for storing and managing multiple values efficiently.

Lists: Ordered, changeable collections (e.g., a list of names).
Tuples: Ordered but immutable sequences (e.g., coordinates).
Dictionaries: Key-value pairs for fast lookups (e.g., storing user profiles).
Sets: Unordered collections with unique elements (e.g., tracking unique visitors).

Each structure is used based on the type of operations needed, such as fast lookups, order preservation, or ensuring uniqueness.

Conditionals: Making Decisions in Code

Conditional statements allow programs to execute different actions based on specific conditions.

If-Else Statements: Execute different blocks of code depending on whether a condition is true or false.
Comparison Operators: Used to evaluate conditions (==, !=, >, <, >=, <=).
Logical Operators: Combine multiple conditions (and, or, not).

Conditionals enable a program to react dynamically, such as validating user input, filtering data, or executing different logic based on user choices.

Summary

Variables store and manage data.
Data structures organize and manipulate collections of values.
Conditionals allow decision-making and control program flow.

Reading Recap of what we have learned so far.