Array:
- A collection of elements stored in a single variable, accessible by their index positions.
Index:
- A numerical representation indicating an element's position within an array, starting from 0.
push Method:
- Adds one or more elements to the end of an array.
pop Method:
- Removes the last element from an array and returns it.
shift Method:
- Removes the first element from an array and returns it.
unshift Method:
- Adds one or more elements to the beginning of an array.
Looping:
- Executing a block of code repeatedly, often used to iterate over array elements.
For Loop:
- A control structure that allows code to be executed repeatedly based on a counter.

Early JavaScript (1995): Arrays were introduced as a simple way to store lists of data, providing methods to manipulate and traverse these lists efficiently.
Enhancements with ES6 (2015): ES6 introduced new array methods and features such as for...of loops, enhancing the capability to iterate over arrays more intuitively.
Modern Usage: Arrays continue to be a cornerstone of JavaScript programming, essential for tasks ranging from data storage to complex data manipulation in both front-end and back-end applications.

Zero-Based Indexing:
- JavaScript arrays start counting indices at 0, a convention inherited from languages like C and Java.
Dynamic Arrays:
- JavaScript arrays are dynamic, meaning they can grow and shrink in size automatically as elements are added or removed.
Sparse Arrays:
- Arrays in JavaScript can have "holes" where elements are missing, leading to sparse arrays, which can affect performance and behavior.
High-Performance Operations:
- Certain array methods like push and pop are optimized for performance, making them faster compared to methods like shift and unshift.
Multidimensional Arrays:
- JavaScript supports multidimensional arrays, allowing for the creation of matrices and more complex data structures.

Day 16: Introduction to Arrays