Learning objectives for this review:

• Evaluate how Social Darwinism, nationalism, the civilizing mission, and religious motivations shaped European and American imperialist attitudes and policies in the 19th century, reinforcing beliefs in racial superiority and the duty to civilize non-European societies.
• Compare how state power shifted globally through warfare, diplomacy, and colonization between 1750 and 1900.
• Explain how internal and external factors influenced state-building and resistance movements against imperial rule from 1750 to 1900.
• Investigate how the demand for raw materials and food supplies led to the development of export economies and economic interdependence globally.
• Explore how economic factors and practices of industrialized states contributed to global economic development and imperialism.
• Analyze how environmental changes, urbanization, and new transportation methods influenced global migration patterns from 1750 to 1900.
• Assess the impact of migration on gender roles, ethnic enclaves, and societal responses to immigrants during the 19th century.
• Discuss the social, economic, and political effects of imperialism and their long-term impacts from 1750 to 1900.